This idea of breaking the world into pieces and then explaining
the pieces in terms of smaller pieces is called reductionism. It
would be perfectly justified to consider Murray Gell-Mann, the father
of the quark, to be the century's arch-reductionist. But very early
on, long before mushy notions of holism became trendy, Gell-Mann
appreciated an important truth: While you can reduce downward, that
doesn't automatically mean you can explain upward. People can be
divided into cells, cells into molecules, molecules into atoms, atoms
into electrons and nuclei, nuclei into subatomic particles, and those
into still tinier things called quarks. But, true as that may be,
there is nothing written in the laws of subatomic physics that can be
used to explain higher-level phenomena like human behavior. There is
no way that one can start with quarks and predict that cellular life
would emerge and evolve over the eons to produce physicists. Reducing
downward is vastly easier than explaining upward--a truth that bears
repeating.
-- George Johnson, "Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the
Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics"
|